Achillea millefolium
Yarrow grows on meadows and roadsides almost everywhere in Europe and is easy to overlook. In herbal medicine, though, it has a long track record: it is used for digestive complaints, menstrual cramps and minor wounds.
What is yarrow?
Yarrow has finely divided, feathery leaves and flat clusters of white or pink flowers. According to legend, the Greek hero Achilles used it to treat his soldiers’ wounds – hence the genus name Achillea. Its main active compounds are essential oils, bitter substances, tannins and flavonoids.
Health benefits of yarrow
1. Helps with minor bleeding
Thanks to its tannins, yarrow has an astringent (tightening) effect. It has traditionally been used for small cuts and nosebleeds, and as a tea for heavy menstrual bleeding. For heavy or persistent bleeding, see a doctor.
2. Eases cramps
Yarrow has antispasmodic properties and is used for menstrual pain and cramp-like digestive complaints.
3. Aids digestion
Its bitter substances stimulate the production of digestive juices and bile. Yarrow tea is a classic remedy for bloating, a lack of appetite and a feeling of fullness after rich meals.
4. Anti-inflammatory and antibacterial
Externally, compresses with yarrow are used for minor skin inflammation and wounds. Internally, it may help calm mild inflammation in the digestive tract.
How to use it
- Tea – for digestive complaints and cramps, one cup up to three times a day.
- Compresses and rinses – for minor wounds and irritated skin.
- Sitz baths – traditionally used for cramps and mild inflammation in the lower abdomen.
- Tinctures – for a more concentrated effect.
Safety
Yarrow belongs to the daisy family (Asteraceae). If you are allergic to chamomile, arnica or ragweed, you may also react to yarrow. It should not be used during pregnancy, as it may stimulate the uterus. Use it as a course of a few weeks rather than indefinitely; in rare cases it can make the skin more sensitive to sunlight.
Worth knowing
- In medieval Europe, yarrow was known as “nosebleed herb”.
- Millefolium means “a thousand leaves” and refers to the finely divided foliage.
- In folk tradition, yarrow was said to protect against misfortune and was hung over doors.
Summary
Yarrow is a traditional remedy for digestive complaints, menstrual cramps and minor wounds. It is gentle when used correctly, but it is not suitable during pregnancy or for people with daisy-family allergies.
